diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 59f567d..dbff5b9 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ add_executable(uno-game src/main.cpp
         src/game/CardTile.cpp
         src/game/Player.cpp
         src/common/utils.cpp
+        src/game/GameState.cpp
+        src/game/GameState.h
 )
 target_link_libraries(uno-game
         PRIVATE ftxui::screen
@@ -21,6 +23,8 @@ add_library(uno-game-lib src/game/Card.cpp
         src/game/CardTile.cpp
         src/game/Player.cpp
         src/common/utils.cpp
+        src/game/GameState.cpp
+        src/game/GameState.h
 )
 
 add_subdirectory(test)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/game/GameState.cpp b/src/game/GameState.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5453d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/game/GameState.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/**
+ * @file GameState.cpp
+ *
+ * @author Yuzhe Guo
+ * @date 2025.11.16
+ */
+#include "GameState.h"
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace UNO::GAME {
+    PlayerState::PlayerState(std::string name, size_t remainingCardCount, bool isUno) :
+        name_(std::move(name)), remainingCardCount_(remainingCardCount), isUno_(isUno)
+    {
+    }
+
+
+    std::string PlayerState::getName() const
+    {
+        return this->name_;
+    }
+
+    bool PlayerState::getIsUno() const
+    {
+        return this->isUno_;
+    }
+
+    size_t PlayerState::getRemainingCardCount() const
+    {
+        return this->remainingCardCount_;
+    }
+
+    void PlayerState::setRemainingCardCount(size_t x)
+    {
+        this->remainingCardCount_ = x;
+    }
+
+    ServerPlayerState::ServerPlayerState(std::string name, size_t remainingCardCount, bool isUno, HandCard *handCard) :
+        PlayerState(std::move(name), remainingCardCount, isUno), handCard_(handCard)
+    {
+    }
+
+    template<typename... T>
+    void ServerPlayerState::draw(T... args)
+    {
+        this->handCard_->draw(args...);
+    }
+
+    template<PlayerStateTypeConcept PlayerStateType>
+    GameState<PlayerStateType>::GameState(GameStatus gameStatus) :
+        gameStatus_(gameStatus), isReversed_(false), drawCount_(0), players_(), currentPlayer_(players_.begin())
+    {
+    }
+
+    template<PlayerStateTypeConcept PlayerStateType>
+    const std::vector<PlayerStateType> &GameState<PlayerStateType>::getPlayers() const
+    {
+        return this->players_;
+    }
+
+    template<PlayerStateTypeConcept PlayerStateType>
+    std::vector<PlayerStateType>::iterator GameState<PlayerStateType>::getCurrentPlayer() const
+    {
+        return this->currentPlayer_;
+    }
+
+    template<PlayerStateTypeConcept PlayerStateType>
+    const DiscardPile &GameState<PlayerStateType>::getDiscardPile() const
+    {
+        return this->discardPile_;
+    }
+
+    template<PlayerStateTypeConcept PlayerStateType>
+    bool GameState<PlayerStateType>::getIsReversed() const
+    {
+        return this->isReversed_;
+    }
+
+    template<PlayerStateTypeConcept PlayerStateType>
+    void GameState<PlayerStateType>::addPlayer(PlayerStateType playerState)
+    {
+        this->currentPlayer_ = this->players_.push_back(std::move(playerState), this->currentPlayer_);
+    }
+
+    template<PlayerStateTypeConcept PlayerStateType>
+    void GameState<PlayerStateType>::nextPlayer()
+    {
+        if (this->isReversed_ == false) {
+            if (this->currentPlayer_ == this->players_.end()) {
+                this->currentPlayer_ = std::next(this->currentPlayer_);
+                this->currentPlayer_ = this->players_.begin();
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            if (this->currentPlayer_ == this->players_.begin()) {
+                this->currentPlayer_ = std::prev(this->players_.end());
+            }
+            else {
+                this->currentPlayer_ = std::prev(this->currentPlayer_);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<PlayerStateTypeConcept PlayerStateType>
+    void GameState<PlayerStateType>::clearPlayers()
+    {
+        this->players_.clear();
+        this->currentPlayer_ = this->players_.begin();
+    }
+
+    template<PlayerStateTypeConcept PlayerStateType>
+    void GameState<PlayerStateType>::reverse()
+    {
+        this->isReversed_ ^= 1;
+    }
+
+    template<PlayerStateTypeConcept PlayerStateType>
+    void GameState<PlayerStateType>::updateStateByCard(const Card &card)
+    {
+        if (this->discardPile_.isEmpty() == false && card.canBePlayedOn(this->discardPile_.getFront()) == false) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument("Card cannot be played");
+        }
+        this->currentPlayer_->setRemainingCardCount(this->currentPlayer_->getRemainingCardCount() - 1);
+        if (card.getType() == CardType::DRAW2) {
+            this->drawCount_ += 2;
+        }
+        if (card.getType() == CardType::WILDDRAWFOUR) {
+            this->drawCount_ += 4;
+        }
+        if (card.getType() == CardType::REVERSE) {
+            this->reverse();
+        }
+        if (card.getType() == CardType::SKIP) {
+            this->nextPlayer();
+        }
+        this->nextPlayer();
+        this->discardPile_.add(card);
+    }
+
+    template<PlayerStateTypeConcept PlayerStateType>
+    void GameState<PlayerStateType>::updateStateByDraw()
+    {
+        if (this->drawCount_ != 0) {
+            this->drawCount_ = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ClientGameState::ClientGameState(GameStatus gameStatus, Player player) : GameState(gameStatus), player(std::move(player)) {}
+
+    ServerGameState::ServerGameState() : GameState(GameStatus::WAITING_PLAYERS_TO_JOIN) {}
+
+    void ServerGameState::updateStateByDraw()
+    {
+        if (this->drawCount_ == 0) {
+            this->drawCount_ = 1;
+        }
+        this->currentPlayer_->draw(this->deck_.draw(this->drawCount_));
+        this->drawCount_ = 0;
+    }
+
+
+}   // namespace UNO::GAME
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/game/GameState.h b/src/game/GameState.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c69bf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/game/GameState.h
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/**
+ * @file GameState.h
+ *
+ * @author Yuzhe Guo
+ * @date 2025.11.16
+ */
+#ifndef UNO_GAME_GAMESTATE_H
+#define UNO_GAME_GAMESTATE_H
+#include "CardTile.h"
+#include "Player.h"
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace UNO::GAME {
+
+    /**
+     * 玩家状态
+     */
+    class PlayerState {
+    protected:
+        std::string name_;
+        size_t remainingCardCount_;
+        bool isUno_;
+
+    public:
+        PlayerState(std::string name, size_t remainingCardCount, bool isUno);
+
+        /**
+         * @return 玩家名字
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] std::string getName() const;
+
+        /**
+         * @return 玩家是否处于 UNO 状态
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] bool getIsUno() const;
+
+        /**
+         * @return 玩家手中剩余的牌的数量
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] size_t getRemainingCardCount() const;
+
+        void setRemainingCardCount(size_t x);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * （供客户端使用）玩家状态
+     */
+    class ClientPlayerState : public PlayerState {};
+
+    /**
+     * （供服务端使用）玩家状态
+     */
+    class ServerPlayerState : public PlayerState {
+    private:
+        HandCard *handCard_;
+
+    public:
+        explicit ServerPlayerState(std::string name, size_t remainingCardCount, bool isUno, HandCard *handCard);
+
+        template<typename... T>
+        void draw(T... args);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * 游戏状态
+     */
+    enum class GameStatus : uint8_t {
+        WAITING_PLAYERS_TO_JOIN,
+        WAITING_PLAYERS_TO_START,
+        WAITING_PLAYERS_TO_NEXT_TURN,
+        WAITING_PLAYERS_TO_NEXT_ROUND
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * 保证模板使用的是 PlayerState 的派生类
+     */
+    template<typename PlayerStateType>
+    concept PlayerStateTypeConcept = std::is_base_of_v<PlayerState, PlayerStateType>;
+
+    /**
+     * 游戏具体状态
+     * @tparam PlayerStateType PlayerState 的派生类
+     */
+    template<PlayerStateTypeConcept PlayerStateType>
+    class GameState {
+    protected:
+        explicit GameState(GameStatus gameStatus);
+        GameStatus gameStatus_;
+        DiscardPile discardPile_;
+        bool isReversed_;
+        size_t drawCount_;
+        std::vector<PlayerStateType> players_;
+        std::vector<PlayerStateType>::iterator currentPlayer_;
+
+    public:
+        virtual ~GameState() = default;
+        /**
+         * @return 所有玩家状态
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] const std::vector<PlayerStateType> &getPlayers() const;
+
+        /**
+         * @return 当前玩家对应的 iterator
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] std::vector<PlayerStateType>::iterator getCurrentPlayer() const;
+
+        /**
+         * @return 弃牌堆
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] const DiscardPile &getDiscardPile() const;
+
+        /**
+         * @return 是否反转
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] bool getIsReversed() const;
+
+        /**
+         * 向对局中添加玩家
+         * @param playerState 要添加的玩家状态
+         */
+        void addPlayer(PlayerStateType playerState);
+
+        /**
+         * 下一个玩家
+         */
+        void nextPlayer();
+
+        /**
+         * 清空玩家
+         */
+        void clearPlayers();
+
+        /**
+         * 反转
+         */
+        void reverse();
+
+        /**
+         * 由于用户出牌而改变状态
+         * @param card 用户出的牌
+         */
+        void updateStateByCard(const Card &card);
+
+        /**
+         * 由于用户摸牌而改变状态
+         */
+        void virtual updateStateByDraw();
+    };
+
+    class ClientGameState final : public GameState<ClientPlayerState> {
+    public:
+        Player player;
+
+        ClientGameState(GameStatus gameStatus, Player player);
+    };
+
+    class ServerGameState final : public GameState<ServerPlayerState> {
+    private:
+        Deck deck_;
+
+    public:
+        ServerGameState();
+
+        /**
+         * 由于用户摸牌而改变状态
+         */
+        void updateStateByDraw() override;
+    };
+}   // namespace UNO::GAME
+
+#endif   // UNO_GAME_GAMESTATE_H